Top 500 Polluting Companies

Top 500 Polluting Companies Carbon charge hit list: Naming Australias greatest polluters The main 500 dirtying organizations are characterized by their yearly CO2 outflows. The outflow could happen at the company’s site or through optional force and vitality use. The organizations included, in the rundown all produce more than 25,000 tons of emanations in a year from a solitary site.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Top 500 Polluting Companies explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is additionally an alternate in the sort of outflows given by the organizations. House discharges that outcome from the modern procedures inside the site are known as extension 1. Degree 2 outflows begin from the site yet originate from the vitality sources outside the site. The biggest toxins are vitality age organizations. Seven organizations inside the vitality business fill the best ten positions. On the whole, they produce around 125,400,000 tons of degree one emanation contrast ed with the 342,841,000 tons from 299 organizations. Since the outflow charge, just covers as far as possible for a solitary site, not all organizations joining the main 500 rundown of polluters will make good on carbon charge. Fifty-eight organizations out of the 299 have scope one outflows of under 25,000 tons per year. Besides, the rundown convincing rundown has 500 organizations that radiate the most noteworthy measure of CO2 to the environment; be that as it may, carbon charge installment would just influence those that surpass the necessary limit. Right now, organizations in landfill and waste removal businesses get away from the duty installment since they don't their extension one outflows in a solitary site. Organizations influenced by the carbon charge, whose market is household, as in the vitality area, will expand their expenses and costs to ease the duty impacts. Mining Sector Miners state carbon charge subverts Australias intensity Stakeholders and organizations in the mining business of Australia are not content with the government’s choice to force a 23-dollar charge on the country’s 500 biggest polluters. The administration proposed to raise the expense by 2.5 percent a year, for a long time. Diggers state that the tax assessment expenses would put them at a universal inconvenience. They refer to the way that their exchanging rivals different nations don't confront the equivalent duties. The nation needs to keep its asset area solid. As indicated by the mining business, if the central government keeps its assertion on the assessment proposition, it would show its failure to comprehend what drives the Australian economy.Advertising Looking for exposition on natural investigations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They refer to the worldwide money related emergency for instance of how the mining and asset industry helped the nation keep away from the genuine monetary downtu rn. The carbon assessment would debilitate the business and at last put the seriousness of the economy in risk. The mining business would react to the duty measures by cutting creation. This would be a cost-sparing measure, just as a consistence measure. The impact of a reducing creation would be the loss of employments and economies of scale benefits for the diggers. Early conclusion of mines will prompt around 13,000 occupation misfortunes. Gassy mines figure around 18 billion Australian dollar costs credited to the carbon charge. Nonetheless, the legislature is just giving 1.26 billion Australian dollars to balance this expense. The carbon duty will likewise influence the vitality business, and mining organizations expect their diesel expenses to ascend by around 16 percent. Shockingly, because of the serious idea of the worldwide market; the organizations would be not able to move the fuel cost to shoppers. The mining business further cases that the carbon assessment and fuel di scount decrease are basically a twofold tax assessment for the area. The conclusion of Australian coalmines in Australia prompts lost its worldwide piece of the pie to other creating nations like South African and Indonesia. The assessment harms the fare contending segments like mining. The mining business needs a plan that secures exchange uncovered ventures. The plan ought to guarantee that the cost, paid by the part ought to be proportional to the cost paid by its rivals comprehensively. Promoting We will compose a custom exposition test on Top 500 Polluting Companies explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Anglo American Metallurgical Coal Anglo American is the second greatest coal mining organization in Australia. The organization possesses eight mines in the nation. They are situated in Moranbah North, Callide, Capcoal, Dawson, and Foxleigh in Australia. Old English American fares the mined coal through Gladstone Port Corporation and Port Waratah Coal Services. It sells around 26 million tons to steelmakers and power makers universally. As per the best 500, most polluters list, the organization produces 4,059,269 tons of degree 1 C02 every year. The organization has connected with itself in different measures to diminish carbon outflows. It reports that it has teamed up with Energy Developments Limited in the Waste Coal Mine Gas Power Station, which will decrease the hurtful impacts of CO2 by about 1.3 million tons. The organization is focused on lessening nursery outflows in Australia and by directing waste coal into power. BHB Billiton Limited BHB Bulliton Limited is the greatest coal mining organization in Australia by volume. It mines 58 million tons of coal every year. It has coalmines in Mount Arthur Coal, Muswellbrook and Hunter Valley. The best 500 polluters arrangements of 2011 showed that BHP Bulliton radiates 5,150,942 tons of extension one CO2 every year. Not For Profit Organizations Charities Disability segment hit via Carbon Tax Not revenue driven, associations restrict the carbon charge due to its obvious effect on the wages of most Australians. Magnanimous association says that the carbon duty will cost them beyond all doubt by diminishing their accessible assets. The Salvation Army said that it would lose near 3.5 billion Australian dollars, which directly affected the administration rendered to around 300,000 individuals. The associations in this division won't get some remuneration. In this way, they should back the expansion in vitality costs from their gift profit. Force and food costs are assessed to ascend by 10 percent. Power charges will increment by 40 percent in six years and noble cause like Salvos and Catholic Social Services will scarcely oversee keep investment funds or increment their operations.Advertising Searching for exposition on ecological examinations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The not revenue driven associations feel dismissed by the administration in its transition to execute the carbon charge system. Handicap work gives will be not able to uncover themselves for the executed plans of moderating the duty sway. Intentional association will likewise confront an extreme time and either raise more assets or cut their administrations. The associations, for example, neighborhood scouts gatherings should expand their expenses to abstain from being closed somewhere around the heightening expenses. Greenpeace Australia Pacific is an association that advocates for clean situations, liberated from contamination. The association holds open shows to support its causes. As of late it put a gigantic carbon contamination charge bill on the facade of BHB Bulliton central station. The representative exercise was done as a method of bringing issues to light of the nursery discharges of the organization. The Salvation Army The Salvation Army began its activity in Australia 1 25 years back. It oversees assets for the benefit of the burdened individuals in the general public. It saves a dedication of giving 80 pennies for each dollar of gift that it gets. In April 2012, the association discharged a press articulation, which showed that it was on the side of the carbon charge measures started by the administration. Nonetheless, it repeated that it would work intimately with other social specialist organizations to guard the capacity of noble cause suppliers in thinking about the poor. The association said it would work intimately with the legislature on the carbon charge execution.

An Analytical Study of the Earthquakes as a Natural Disaster Research Paper

An Analytical Study of the Earthquakes as a Natural Disaster - Research Paper Example â€Å"An quake is a progression of vibrations or seismic (stun) waves which start from the center †where the plates discharge their strain or pressure suddenly†. Seismic tremors include the marvel where the earth surface shakes at specific focuses in time. It includes a vibration that is produced from profound inside the world's outside layer. Tremors result from certain stuns that are transmitted from inside the world's surface which is felt on the land and in the ocean. Seismic tremors regularly cause the harm of building and annihilation of properties. The focal point of a seismic tremor is the piece of the outside of the earth which is the focal point of the quake. For the most part, the focal point is the point on the earth where the most elevated effect of the quake happens. Beside the focal point, the seismic tremor is felt in different grounds around the focal point. In any case, comparative with the focal point, different regions influenced by the seismic tremor is a lot lesser than that of the focal point. Seismic tremors are produced by a progression of stuns. There are some huge stuns while there are other littler stuns. These stuns shake the earth surface and are known as tremors. The tremors that happen before the quake are known as foreshocks while those that happen after the serious seismic tremor are known as post-quake tremors. As far as event, there elements of tremors shift with the layer inside which a seismic tremor exudes. Essential waves are body stuns in the world's inside. The happen profound inside the earth and near the world's center.

The Benefits of Using Linen Writing Paper

The Benefits of Using Linen Writing PaperWhether you are new to writing, or an old hand at it, consider linen writing paper. There are plenty of advantages to owning a few sheets of this stuff.First of all, it is a comforting and warm feeling when you are finished writing, simply because the desk is filled with material that has been lovingly presented. It gives the appearance of having accomplished a great deal, so people begin to take notice. Your writing also looks well-prepared, as it is wrapped up nicely in a way that is pleasing to the eye.Color is also important. There are numerous options to choose from when selecting the color of your writing paper. One favorite of mine is a simple paper with a blue background and white writing on it.Nowadays, it is possible to choose from numerous colors, such as green, pink, red, yellow, brown, and even black, for a person's personality. Even more interesting is the fact that you can even choose a black cardstock with a small logo of your company on it, complete with an embossed stamp. This logo can be easily moved around when it comes time to deliver a presentation.Of course, there is always the great prestige of having a famous manufacturer or paper supplier who specializes in linen writing paper. However, the most important thing to remember is that there are plenty of options out there, and you just need to know where to find them. Be aware that some companies offer different levels of quality, and you may want to be careful about which ones you buy.There are two basic choices to make: how much you are willing to spend, and what types of selections you would like. If you feel that the idea of spending five thousand dollars per hundred sheets is not worthwhile, you will probably like the idea of going with standard colors. Alternatively, you can go with all white, all cream, or whatever other designs you are interested in. As long as you have a set amount of money, you can get the look you want and not spend too m uch money.If you want more selections, it is definitely a good choice to spend more money, as you may be able to find exactly what you are looking for. However, many people just want something that is not only nice to look at but comfortable to write on. With the choices that are available today, they should be able to find something to match their tastes.Either way, it is good to know that there are now blank pieces of paper for writing on. You should have no trouble finding the perfect ones, for many brands and styles of these blank paper. With so many styles available, you should be able to find something that fits your style and budget!

Nature vs. Nurture Essay - 1987 Words

Keith Mierzejewski Methods of Critical Thinking Research Paper December 11, 2010 Nature vs. Nurture One of the most enduring debates in the field of psychology is the controversial idea of nature vs. nurture. Throughout the endless history of the debate, no clear conclusion has been met, only hypotheses have been formed. At the center of the debate, human behaviors, ideas, and feelings are being determined, whether they are learned or inherited. Determining physical traits, such as eye color or hair color, are simple because they are hereditary traits. The idea of having a certain personality, intelligence, or ability is under discussion because scientists cannot determine if these traits are learned, or predetermined by genes. The†¦show more content†¦If identical twins were truly identical, then their development in two different environments would not affect their behavioral differences. Identical twins that are not separated may still differ from each other. Dr. Farber conducted a study that measured the degree of being separated and I.Q. test scores. On average, Dr. Farber discovered that the more separated the twins were, the greater the difference between their I.Q. scores. If intelligence had been hereditary, then these identical twins that were reared apart and separated would still have the same amount of intelligence; yet, they do not (Gruber). When determining whether homosexuality is caused by an individual’s environment and surroundings or by genetics, the answer is unknown. To this day, researchers are still pondering whether or not this â€Å"gay gene† exists. Most gays and lesbians believe their sexual orientation is an inborn trait or developed in earlier years of life. However, opponents of gay rights believe homosexuality is a behavior that is created through the conscience thought, and this behavior can be changed or developed at will. In 1993, a study was done Dean Hamer, a scientist from the National Cancer Institute. He reported that he had linked male homosexuality to a small region, specifically the end, of one human chromosome: the x-shaped chromosome. Thirty-three of forty pairs of gay brothers were found to have this identical piece ofShow MoreRelatedNature Vs Nurture : Is The Nature Or Nurture?1300 Words   |  6 PagesAoS 3: Student Directed Research Investigation Unit 1 Psychology - Megan Rodrigues RESEARCH QUESTION How is the nature vs nurture debate related to a consideration of the mental disorder, schizophrenia? INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is categorized by thoughts or experiences that seem abnormal with reality, disorganized speech or behaviour and decreased participation in regular daily activities. Difficulty with memory and concentration are sometimes also present. The two hit hypothesis generally refersRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature Or Nurture874 Words   |  4 Pages Nature or Nurture. Nature may be all of the genes and hereditary factors with which influence them to become who they are such as physical appearances and personality characteristics. Nurturing impacts people’s lives as well as how they are raised and all the environmental factors. In combination, these qualities can be the true identity of oneself. Many people may argue that nurture appears to a play huge factor in the two, but others may think otherwise. Not having both as a characteristic canRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 PagesNature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influence. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature And Nurture : Nature Vs. Nurture1780 Words   |  8 PagesAs Nature Made Him: Nature vs. Nurture Human behavior is determined by both biological and environmental factors. Psychologists are interested in learning which of these factors is a greater influence on human behavior and identity. Although psychologists today generally agree that both nature and nurture play a role in conditioning behavior, there is still disagreement about the part that each of the factors have in determining behavior. The nature versus nurture debate focuses around the extentRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 Pages Nature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influe nce. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture1405 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 2015 Nature vs. Nurture Very few people know that the nature vs. nurture debate actually began early on with famous Greek philosophers such as Plato and Descartes. These two theorized that certain things were inborn and occurred naturally regardless of environmental factors (Cherry 1). Most people began to witness this debate in 1896 when the phrase â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture† was coined by English polymath, Francis Galton (â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture†Origins 1). At this point the nature vs. nurture debate grewRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture901 Words   |  4 Pagestime the proverbial nature vs. nurture question has sparked quite a debate. I hold the belief that nature vs. nurture is a zero-sum game. We essentially enter this existence, a lump of clay that needs molding in order to take form. So, I believe my creative abilities can be attributed to the sum of our genetic predisposition, the nurture of our mind, and the dynamic of both nature and nurture, with nurture being the predominant influencing factor. In psychology, nature refers to the inheritedRead MoreNature Vs Nurture And Nurture1777 Words   |  8 Pagesformed and cultivated through nature or nurture. This psychological anomaly is why I am writing this paper. Ever since I have enrolled in, and taken, a psychology class during my junior year, I have questioned whether every little emotion and action is because of nature or nurture. No topic is more widely explored and researched than morality. It cannot be scientifically or psychologically proven or tested, making any claim highly controversial. This idea, of nature vs nurture, that I had previously researchedRead MoreThe Nature Vs. Nurture1463 Words   |  6 PagesT What can we define as Human Nature and Nurture? The Nature vs. Nurture has been a long never ending debate for some time now. Nature vs Nurture has been so profoundly debated, that now it’s unclear whether what makes us who we are and what we do, nature or nurture. For purposes of this essay Nature is going to be defined as characteristics we acquire through our genetic and biological factors, while that Nurture is going to be defined characteristics we acquire through our interactions and influencesRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture1337 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs. Nurture There are many different ways that behavior can be explained, especially on the terms of nature vs. nurture. Aggression is a behavior that has been extensively analyzed in a complex manner and the causes of it can be explained many different ways. Aggression can be defined as hostile or destructive behavior that can cause injury or destructive outlook especially when caused by frustration. Nature can be defined as aspects of behavior that have been inherited or are genetic, while

The Causes Of Witchcraft Hysteria In The Salem Witch Trials

In 1692, the British colony of Massachusetts endured abnormal accusations of witchcraft against more than 150 people (Prentice Hall Literature, p. 1087). Many factors caused the witchcraft hysteria to come alive during the 1600’s. Two important factors were: Daemonologie, written by England’s King James I, and the bewildering behavior of the accusing teenage girls. While Arthur Miller explains that the accusations could have been made over the lust for land, there are also reasons not explained: how the role of women and children during the 17th century may have affected their behavior and the theory of Ergot fungus poisoning the girls’ minds. While Daemonologie did solely focus on the existence of witches among people, it also had major†¦show more content†¦During the actual witch trials in Salem, the same group of girls did not conjure in the woods, or dance nakedly during the night, but instead grouped together to listen to the stories of an Indian slave, Tituba, whose stories involved magic and power. The girls were also much younger in actuality than Miller depicts them to be in his play (â€Å"Salem Witch Trials History Channel.† YouTube). While Arthur Miller does touch on the subject of the witch trials bringing about opportunities for revenge against disliked neighbors or enemies, he does not mention the role of women and children during this time period. In the 17th century, as well as centuries before and after, the role of women was to serve their husband and fill his desires: bearing a child, meeting his sexual desires, keeping a clean household, and serving her family food. She was not to be seen as an equal to her husband or any other man, and rarely ever talked to her husband about matters involving business, religion, or important decisions (â€Å"Salem Witch Trials History Channel.† YouTube). The same concept applied to children during this time, with the idea of â€Å"children should be seen and not heard.† When the two qualities are put together, a female child, you can only imagine how inferior they felt and how insignificantly they were treated by surrounding men in the community. With this in mind, as well as consideringShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ergotism, Hysteria, and Disorders Detected in Salem889 Words   |  4 PagesMany people believe the Salem Witch Trials were caused by Ergotism, while others believe it to be just a form of hysteria, but what if I told you it could have been all of those combined together with another theory added in? In the story, The Crucible, mass hysteria broke out all through Salem being caused by the witch trials. The witch trials, however, may not have been the only thing causing the hysteria. Argot poisoning in the water along with puritan pressure causing the little girls to actRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trial Hysteria1196 Words   |  5 PagesXochitl Neri Erick Felix In 1692-1693, the Salem Witch Trial Hysteria occurred, resulting in 20 deaths out of the 200 accused of practicing the Devil’s magic, a practice that women were commonly accused of. Salem, Massachusetts, was a colony that consisted of Puritans, both Separatists and non Separatists alike. From the start, the Puritans believed that the Bible was true in all aspects: every word, every idea, every thought--was true. The Puritans also had minimal understanding of science, whichRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : The Witch Trial Hysteria920 Words   |  4 PagesSalem Witch Trial Hysteria In 1692 the actions of three girls quickly launched Salem onto the path of committing one of the largest witch hunts the New World has ever known. The witch hunt was fueled by a mass hysteria among the townspeople, this hysteria was the result of the strictness of their society and a number of internal and external stressors. The initial wave of panic when rumors of witchcraft arose gave way to compete hysteria when accusations began. Salem massachusetts was the perfectRead MoreSalem Witch Trial Hysteria Essay818 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty people were put to death for witchcraft in Salem during the 1692 Salem Witch Trial Hysteria. In The Crucible, a woman, Elizabeth Proctor, gets accused of witchcraft by a young girl by the name Abigail Williams, who just so happens to be having an affair with Elizabeth’s husband, John. Once John finds out Abigail accused his wife, he starts trying to find proof that all of these young girls are pretending that they are being hurt by these older women, just so that they will be hanged. The officialsRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trial Hysteria Of 1692879 Words   |  4 PagesThe Salem Witch Trial hysteria of 1692 caused 20 people to be hung or pressed to death and 4 perished in jail. In addition, 200 people in Salem were accused of being witches. On June 10 of 1692, Bridget Bishop was charged with practicing witchcraft and she was also accused of bewitching her husband to dea th. The result of her not confessing was that she was hung to her death. All of this frenzy started in the house of Samuel Parris. His daughters were consumed by the bizarre tales told by their IndianRead MoreHysteria and the Crucible1695 Words   |  7 PagesHysteria What is hysteria? By definition, hysteria is a state of intense agitation, anxiety, or excitement, especially as manifested by large groups or segments of society. In a broader sense however, hysteria is a killer, the delitescent devil. More specifically, hysteria was the main cause of nineteen deaths in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, and countless ruined reputations on account of Joe McCarthy. Hysteria does not just appear out of nowhere though. There are driving forces such as revengeRead MoreThe Main Causes Of The Puritans In The Salem Witch Trials1527 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"You’re a liar! I’m no more a witch than you are a wizard! If you take my life away, God will give you blood to drink!† This testimony is one out of the several given during the Salem Witch Trials which has become known as one of the mass hysterias to ever occur in American history. In 1692, individuals known as Puritans settled among a small village named Salem in what is now known as Massachusetts. The Puritans spent the beginning years of their settlement confronted with epidemics such as famineRead MoreThe Causes Of Fanaticism In The Salem Witch Trials750 Words   |  3 Pagesthe symptoms blamed on witchcraft, leading adding credibility to this reason. Additionally, this reason is the most logical and scientifically sound reason out of all of these documents, since it relied on biology. The second most important reason was probably the fanaticism that caused everyone to blame Satan for the witchcraft, which stopped people from looking for other reasons which may have caused the witchcraft. This fanaticism stopped people from looking at other causes of the symptoms, andRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1358 Words   |  6 Pagesstory deals with the Salem, Massachusetts hysteria in 1692 with an irrational fear of the devil. Witch hunts and false accusations resulted. Trials took place and resulted in the hanging and associated death of more than 20 p eople and the false imprisonment of many others. B. The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft. â€Å"From June through September of 1692, nineteen men and women, all having been convicted of witchcraft, were carted to GallowsRead MoreThe Hysteria Of The Salem Witch Trials1463 Words   |  6 PagesAmong these issues, is the hysteria of the Salem Witch Trials that prosecuted women to be found worshippers of the devil. The Puritans found the necessity to exercise this crusade in order to stay by their moral codes of conformity which included witchcraft to be the greatest crime, punishable by death. However, the true reasons of the trials was not to simply follow their religious constitutions. It is mainly in part from corruption of religion and how some had used the trials as a form of personal

A Research On Climate Change - 869 Words

Research on Climate Change 1. Weather and Climate are two completely different earth behaviors. Weather is an occurrence that happens to the atmosphere over a short period of time. For example in Indiana it may be really warm one day, but the next day it could snow. Climate is an occurrence to the atmosphere that happens over a long period of time. For example it has been show that over long periods of time the earth seems to be warming more and more each year. 2. According to my research, many scientists believe that the earth’s atmosphere is warming. Some scientists attest the growing problem of global warming to the amount of greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide that human beings emit into the earth a year (Begley). According to a new report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change â€Å"the earth s atmosphere, oceans, and lands are experiencing a warming trend† (Weatherwise). Many scientists agree that the earth’s atmosphere is indeed warming, however the cause of why it happening tends to be where many disagree. 3. Many scientists attribute the warming of the atmosphere to human activity. In the late 19th century, some scientists discovered that temperatures began to rise, as a result of humans rise of emissions of greenhouse gases (Marshall). A recent study conducted shows, that the rate at which the earth is warming, is faster than anytime in the last 11,300 years, because of the CO2 emissions are growing rapidly each year (Marshall). Scientists are worried thatShow MoreRelatedA Research On Climate Change1831 Words   |  8 Pages Should the studies on climate change possess validity, then numerous human activities have altered the atmosphere of the Earth for the worse. Several among these activities categorize under the macrocosm of transportation. As a species, the human race continues to create and produce, which may contain threatening consequences based on these reports. Inside the category of transportation, every subcategory seems to partake in this, including automobiles, aircrafts, shipping, and railways, amongRead MoreResearch Paper On Climate Change1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe four papers that I am looking at all have climate change in common and it is the recurring theme throughout the papers, they all look at different areas of both the U.K. and also into the Northern parts of the world. The main areas of study are; the west of Scotland, Northern Ireland, Britain as a whole and finally Greenland. These papers all look at different ways and use different methods so that they are able to under stand and learn from the climate that had occurred in the past, the methodsRead MoreResearch Article On Fires And Climate Change1026 Words   |  5 PagesLibrary, I found a scholarly research article relating fires to climate change. This article is highly technical in nature. Through the extensive analysis of data, Liu, Goodrick and Heilman found that climate change and augmenting fire activity form a malicious cycle. Warm temperatures enable fuel moistures to decline, allowing fires to explode. Fires, more specifically large ones, emit enormous amounts of exhaust. They discovered that fire emissions help to worsen climate change. The main components ofRead MoreResearch Paper on Climate Change: the Myth of Global Warming4031 Words   |  17 PagesResearch Paper on Climate Change: The Myth of Global Warming DEDICATION This Research Paper is lovingly dedicated to our respective parents who have been our constant source of inspiration. They have given us the drive and discipline to tackle any task with enthusiasm and determination. Without their love and support this project would not have been made possible. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to acknowledge the contributions of the following group and individuals to the developmentRead MoreResearch Paper on Climate Change: the Myth of Global Warming4045 Words   |  17 PagesResearch Paper on Climate Change: The Myth of Global Warming DEDICATION This Research Paper is lovingly dedicated to our respective parents who have been our constant source of inspiration. They have given us the drive and discipline to tackle any task with enthusiasm and determination. Without their love and support this project would not have been made possible. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to acknowledge the contributions of the following group and individuals to the developmentRead MoreClimate Change : A Global Threat That Goes Beyond National Boundaries Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most likely to have major effects on societies in the years to come, is climate change. Climate change, which is a product of capitalistic practices of nation-states and individual consuming citizens, is a global threat that goes beyond national boundaries. As a result, this new challenge requires the production of high quality research from sociologists and social scientists; especially considering the role climate change has been playing recently in affecting patterns of migration and displacementRead MoreArticle Review: Why Sustainable Tourism Must Address Climate Change by Daniel Scott1278 Words   |  5 PagesTourism and Climate Change Introduction This paper reviews Daniel Scotts article in the Journal of Sustainable Times Why sustainable tourism must address climate change. Objectives Scott takes issue with a previous article written by David Weaver in the Journal of Sustainable Times. According to Scotts narrative, Weaver presented several interrelated issues that essentially dispute some of the proven science of climate change. Climate change studies are valid and the research that has goneRead MorePreventing Infectious Diseases Due to Climate Changes872 Words   |  4 Pages The essential method for preventing climate change from affecting human health is to stop climate change altogether. While some degree of climate change has already occurred, the idea is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the extend where this phe ¬nomenon is considerably slowed. The in ¬tergovernmental panel on climate change has determined that a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (compared with 1990 levels) by 2050 will be necessary to stabilize the global temperature increase at 2–2Read MoreProject Proposal: Effects of Climate Change1322 Words   |  6 PagesProject Proposal: Effects of Climate Change The final research paper generated from the Project Proposal: Effects of Climate Change will discuss the question, what Americans can do to reduce climate change health effects? Various research publications by credible sources advise, global warming climate change has an affect on human health. Climate change and the impact on human health can be connected through direct or indirect variables. The Importance I feel as though if we start at a youngRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesclaim that the climate is changing for the worse. They believe that humans are the primary cause of these changes, especially the increase in temperature, caused by the burning of fossil fuels. They believe that the temperature changes are causing glaciers to melt. They claim that the melting of ice masses leads to a higher sea level and worsening conditions for Arctic animals, as well as other negative effects on the environment. Others do not agree with this. They say that the climate is not changing

The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka free essay sample

Analyzes short storys implications for meaning of life, human condition, family relations, identity, guilt punishment. Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis uses a fantastic situation to create an allegory about the meaning of humanness and about the relationship of the individual to the world in which he lives. That relationship is involved here as the ties to that world are broken. Gregor Samsa awakens to find that he has been changed into a huge vermin. The only contact he has with the world in which he lived the night before is through the family members who can be heard moving around the house and who react to Gregors change in various ways. Underlying this story is the sense that Gregor is being punished for some unstated crime and that the universe has taken this means of inflicting that punishment. Yet it is more likely that the universe is meaningless, unmotivated, and absurd, and so the transformation that comes over Gregor cannot be explained with references to

Leaders Are Born Not Made free essay sample

Leaders are born not made? What is a leader? According to Dr. Paul Hersey, leadership is working with and through others to achieve objectives. Given this definition, anyone in a position whose achievement requires the support of others can play the role of a leader. So in my understanding, a great leader is both born and made. Both parts are essential to a true leader. Some  people are born with innate qualities that predispose them to being leaders, and other people while not naturally gifted with leadership ability can acquire it. Moreover,  all leaders, born or made, can improve their ability with desire, experience and effort. At birth, we are all born with genes inherited from our parents, for a select few the genetic predispositions for the leadership qualities are more favourable toward leadership qualities. For example, our current president Benigno â€Å"Noynoy† Aquino III also known as PNoy, is in my opinion, a naturally born leader. We will write a custom essay sample on Leaders Are Born Not Made or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being the son of former President Cory Aquino and Benigno Simeon Ninoy Aquino, Jr. , he has the genes of these great leaders who fought bravely for the country. He is a president who decides thoroughly and makes decisions that are right and just. After we are born  for the first few years of our lives we are in constant interaction with others, some to which we attach real and sustained admiration and others where this admiration is punctual. From those interactions we refine our values and our natural behaviours are reinforced positively, which would increase the frequency of the behaviours or negatively which would diminish the frequency of the behaviours. Before you become a good leader, you first become a good follower†, that statement is proved by Napoleon Bonaparte the â€Å"Emperor of the French†. Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe. His legal reform, the Napoleonic Code, has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide, but he is best remembered for his role in the war s led against France by a series of coalitions, the so-called Napoleonic Wars. But before achieving all this, he started from a scratch. He trained as an artillery officer in mainland France. He then followed orders from above until crawled his way up by showing his potentials until he finally was assigned to be a leader and led the successful invasion of the Italian Peninsula. Everyone can develop their capacity to lead. When someone is committed to, and practises using their leadership capabilities at all levels in their life, then they can and will develop their own potential as a leader. Therefore we can conclude there are indeed, born leaders. These are the people to whom others look, even from a very early age; they seem willing to be seen and heard, take risks, stand up for what they believe. They do have charisma, people want to hear what they have to say, they want to get things done and bring people along with them. In summary, I would conclude that while there are natural born leaders, leaders can indeed be â€Å"made† or developed if one adopts a growth oriented mind-set. The bottom line is, it is not how a leader comes by their skill that is relevant whether he was naturally born a leader or became a leader by acquiring the skills of being. It only matters that they possess the requisite skills for the job, and that they are willing to apply those skills for the benefit of those they lead. There is no perfect leader, no single right way to lead, and no shortcuts to become a great leader.

Definition and Examples of Episteme in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Episteme in Rhetoric In philosophy and  classical rhetoric, episteme is the domain of true knowledgein contrast to doxa, the domain of opinion, belief, or probable knowledge. The Greek word episteme is sometimes translated as science or scientific knowledge.  The word epistemology (the study of the nature and scope of knowledge) is derived from  episteme.  Adjective: epistemic. French philosopher and philologist Michel Foucault (1926-1984) used  the term episteme  to indicate the total set of relations that unite a given period. Commentary [Plato] defends the solitary, silent nature of the search for epistemetruth: a search that leads one away from the crowd and the multitude. Platos aim is to take away from the majority the right to judge, choose, and decide. (Renato Barilli, Rhetoric. University of Minnesota Press, 1989) Knowledge and Skill [In Greek usage] episteme could mean both knowledge and skill, both knowing that and knowing how. . . . Each of the artisans, a smith, a shoemaker, a sculptor, even a poet exhibited episteme in practicing his trade. The word episteme, knowledge, was thus very close in meaning to the word tekhne, skill. (Jaakko Hintikka,  Knowledge and the Known: Historical Perspectives in Epistemology. Kluwer, 1991) Episteme vs. Doxa - Beginning with Plato, the idea of episteme was juxtaposed to the idea of doxa. This contrast was one of the key means by which Plato fashioned his powerful critique of rhetoric (Ijsseling, 1976; Hariman, 1986). For Plato, episteme was an expression, or a statement that conveys, absolute certainty (Havelock, 1963, p. 34; see also Scott, 1967) or a means for producing such expressions or statements. Doxa, on the other hand, was a decidedly inferior expression of opinion or probability...A world committed to the ideal of episteme is a world of clear and fixed truth, absolute certainty, and stable knowledge. The only possibility for rhetoric in such a world would be to make truth effective... A radical gulf is presumed to exist between discovering  truth (the province of philosophy or science) and the lesser task of disseminating it (the province of rhetoric). (James Jasinski, Sourcebook on Rhetoric. Sage, 2001)- Since it is not in human nature to acquire knowledge (episteme) that would make us certain what to do or say, I consider one wise who has the ability through conjecture (doxai) to attain the best choice: I call philosophers those that engage themselves with that from which this sort of practical wisdom (phronesis) is speedily grasped. (Isocrates, Antidosis, 353 BC) Episteme and Techne I have no criticism to make of episteme as a system of knowledge. On the contrary, one can argue that we would not be human without our command of episteme. The problem is rather the claim made on behalf of episteme that it is all of the knowledge, from which stems its proclivity to crowd out other, equally important, systems of knowledge. While episteme is essential to our humanness, so is techne. Indeed, it is our ability to combine techne and episteme that sets us apart both from other animals and from computers: animals have techne and machines have episteme, but only we humans have both. (Oliver Sackss clinical histories (1985) are at once moving as well as entertaining evidence for the grotesque, bizarre, and even tragic distortions of human beings that result from a loss of either techne or episteme.) (Stephen A. Marglin, Farmers, Seedsmen, and Scientists: Systems of Agriculture and Systems of Knowledge.  Decolonizing Knowledge: From Development to Dialogue, ed. by  Frà ©dà ©rique Apffel-Marglin and Stephen A. Marglin. Oxford University Press, 2004) Foucaults Concept of Episteme [In  Michel Foucaults The Order of Things] the archaeological method attempts to uncover a positive unconscious of knowledge. This term denotes a set of rules of formation which are constitutive of the diverse and heterogeneous discourses of a given period and which elude the consciousness of the practitioners of these different discourses.  This positive unconscious of knowledge is also captured in  the term episteme. The episteme is the condition of possibility of discourse in a given period; it is an a priori set of rules of formation that allow discourses to function, that allow different objects and different themes to be spoken at one time but not at another. Source:   (Lois McNay,  Foucault: A Critical Introduction. Polity Press, 1994)

Genetically engineered trees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genetically engineered trees - Essay Example Evaluating the risks against the potential gain from this science can aid us in reaching a reasonable conclusion about the safety of engineered trees and the caution needed to pursue this science. The possibility of genetically engineered paper has been possible since 1998 when a team of researchers at Michigan State University engineered an aspen tree to produce higher-grade paper pulp (Lubick). The economic pressure to initiate large-scale transgenic tree plantations is enormous and according to Lubick, "[...] trees are the next big crop plant". The paper and lumber industry stands to reap hundreds of millions of dollars in profits from the increased pulp and wood production that is available from these trees (Lubick). The pressure from business, and the ability of the trees to cross pollinate for hundreds of miles, places us dangerously close to spreading the new genetic species globally on a massive scale. Critics argue that once the new genetic strains are turned loose in the wild, there will be no turning back. Trees that create their own pesticides may kill off desirable insects and leave the forest unable to support wildlife ("Genetic Engineering"). Trees that are resistant to pests and disease may take over parks and national forests with a "kudzu-like threat" ("Genetic Engineering").

Welcome Activity. Classroom Atmosphere Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Welcome Activity. Classroom Atmosphere - Essay Example It is not easy for middle school or high school students to practice respect, but if the teacher is respectful, it is almost guaranteed that the students will be respectful. Also, I will attempt to make all the students feel as if they are a key component of the class. I will encourage students to utter only constructive things about others. It is difficult to establish a safe and secure environment when there is the presence of disparage. I will also establish a system of consequences and rewards. This system will be used to assess student behavior (Kees, 2003). Question 2 I will create a positive learning atmosphere by getting to know every student as early as possible after the first meeting. I will encourage the students to write a biography or complete a survey. This will help provide essential information that will assist to support and teach the students. I will try spending a considerable amount of time with students on a daily basis. This will help establish personal associa tions with the students. I will design the classroom with several positive quotes and messages. This will make students develop a sense and a feeling of greatness in the future. In addition, I will do everything to make the classroom cheerful and comfortable. For example, I will provide inspiration art work, motivational speeches, and anything positive that will influence the students’ performance (Griffin, 1997). I will give regular, positive response. This will show that I notice their attempts and realize their outstanding work. Question 3 While time is a large factor for teachers, paying attention to students’ social and emotional requirements is an investment. If students feel insecure or threatened, it will be difficult to perform classroom activities well. I will dedicate some time for students to make them understand that mistakes form the basis of learning processes. In addition, I will encourage regular class meetings for students to air their views and commu nicate their worries. I will also ask questions, develop a rapport with students, and provide assistance and comprehension to the students’ unique situations. For those students with issues and responsibilities at home, I will discuss with the students about their issues and responsibilities (Griffin, 1997). Also, I will listen to their issues and show them that they have my support. I will establish an environment that is free from humiliation or fear by developing clear prospects of the learning results.   Question 4 I will promote a feeling of student ownership by developing a community feeling in the classroom. This will help lessen the feeling of authoritarian hierarchy and give students the ability to feel they are an essential component of the class. Developing extracurricular activities will assist advance interaction between teacher and student, and student and student. This will develop a sense of student ownership in the classroom. For example, I will design an a rt activity and subdivide the students into units. A student from each unit will be the group leader for the art activity. This will develop a sense of team work and ownership among students. In addition, I will set time to have encounters with students (Kiselica, 1999). This will help in their daily lives. These minor, life links create an environment that promotes student ownership in academics. Question 5 I will provide the meaning of empathy to the students. Explaining to students that empathy requires the identification and sharing the feelings of other people. I will also show pictures that express a number of positive and negative emotions. The students will be

Pro-social effects of the media Essay Example for Free

Pro-social effects of the media Essay One explanation of the pro-social effects of the media on behaviour comes from Banduras Social Learning Theory. Banduras research suggests that children learn through observing a behaviour, then later imitating it if the expectation of reward is high. For example the child needs to pay attention to a role model for example seeing a super hero, then there needs to be retention of the information into the LTM, reproduction, so the child imitates the same type of behaviour such as helping others, and finally the child needs to be motivated to imitate the behaviour such as, being the same gender. The process of social learning works in the same way for learning pro-social acts as seen on television as it does for learning anti-social acts (vicarious reinforcement). Unlike the depiction of anti-social acts, however, the depiction of pro-social acts (such as generosity or helping) is likely to be in accord with established social norms (e.g., the need to be helpful and generous to others). Assuming that these social norms have been internalised by the viewer, the imitation of these acts, therefore, is likely to be associated with the expectation of social reinforcement, and so the child is motivated to repeat these actions in their own life. Furthermore, Bandura would also suggest that the pro-social effects of the media derives from reciprocal determinism whereby people who watch programmes about helping people will make friends with people who watch similar TV programmes. A second explanation of how the media influences pro-social behaviour comes from research into developmental trends. Pro social behaviours have been shown to be contingent on the development of pro social skills, such as perspective taking, empathy and a high level or moral reasoning which continue to develop through adolescence, which increase with age (Eisenberg, 1990). E.g., research has shown that young children are less able to recognise the emotional state of others and are less sure of how to help. It has also been found that children have difficulty recognising and understanding pro-social messages, and may be less affected by pro social messages if these portrayals are more complex than the simple modelling of specific behaviour (Mares, 1996). One strength of media influences on pro social behaviour comes from further empirical support from Woodward (1999). In their study they found that US programmes for pre-school children had high levels of pro-social content: 77% of programmes surveyed contained at least one pro social lesson. This suggests that there is wider academic credibility for the influence media has on pro-social behaviour. A further strength of LST comes from further empirical support provided by Mares and Woodward (2001). They found from their research that children are most affected when they are able to see exact steps for positive behaviour, such as when someone donates tokens. This could be because they can remember concrete acts better than abstract ones. This suggests that there is wider academic credibility for the idea of imitating pro-social behaviour. Furthermore, the explanations into the media effects on pro-social behaviour is that there are practical applications. For example, Johnston et al. Found that learning pro social behaviour was best when there were follow up discussions. For example, when Johnson showed students a TV programme in a classroom and accompanied by teacher-led discussions students were more willing to help. This suggests that using SLT of media can improve the quality of peoples lives who are anti-social. Finally, the research into media effects on pro-social behaviour is that it has high reliability. The reason for this is because the research is carried out in a laboratory study, where there is control over the IV and DV and most extraneous variables are reduced. This suggests that if the research was tested and re-tested then the same results would be achieved. However, one weakness of the SLT is that because the theory is based in research from the laboratory is it lacks ecological validity. Huston (1983) argues that some programmes foster only limited types of pro-social behaviour that do not really apply in real life. For the best effect stories need to depict ordinary everyday kindness and helping and, after the programme adults in the childrens life need to discuss the programme content with them and role model pro-social behaviour in the course of play. This suggests that the findings from this research could not be applied to real life situations. Another weakness of Johnstons research is that there is contradictory evidence provided by Rubenstein et al. (1982). They found that in a study of adolescents hospitalised for psychiatric problems, found that post-viewing discussion led to decreased altruism, possibly because the adolescents wanted to take up a view that was contrary to that held by adults. Moreover, the effects of media on pro-social behaviour is that it is reductionist. The reason for this is because other factors need to be involved, for example personality and temperament of the child and parents. This suggests that the research is oversimplistic when explaining helping behaviour. A final weakness is that the research is culturally specific. The reason for this because the majority of the research has been carried out in the USA and therefore the criteria of pro-social behaviour may be different to non-western societies. This suggests that the research cannot be generalised to the whole population.

Marlow’s Metamorphosis in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

Marlow’s Metamorphosis in Heart of Darkness Conrad's novel, Heart of Darkness, relies on the historical period of imperialism to illuminate its protagonist, Charlie Marlow, and his struggle with two opposite value systems. Marlow undergoes a catharsis during his trip to the Congo and learns of the effects of imperialism. I will analyze Marlow's change, which is caused by his exposure to the imperialistic nature of the historical period in which he lived. Marlow goes to the Congo River to report on Mr. Kurtz, a valuable officer, to their employer. When he sets sail, he does not know what to expect. When his journey is complete, his experiences have changed him forever. Heart of Darkness is a story of one man's journey through the African Congo and the enlightenment of his soul. Marlow begins his voyage as an ordinary English sailor who is traveling to the African Congo to work. He is an Englishmen through and through. He has never been exposed to any culture similar to the one he will encounter in Africa, and he has no idea about the drastically different culture that exists there. Throughout the book, Conrad, via Marlow's observations, reveals to the reader the naive mentality of Europeans. Marlow also shares this naivetà © in the beginning of his voyage. However, after his first few moments in the Congo, he realizes the ignorance he and all his comrades possess. We first recognize the general naivetà © of the Europeans when Marlow's aunt sees him for the last time before he embarks on his journey. She assumes that the voyage is a mission of "weaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways [. . .]" (line 16). In reality, however, the Euro peans are there in the name of imperialism and their sole objective is to earn... ... Johnson, Bruce. â€Å"Conrad’s Impressionism and Watt’s â€Å"Delayed Decoding.† Conrad Revisited: Essays for the Eighties: 51-70. By Ross C Murfin. University: The Univ. of Alabama, 1985. Rpt. in Heart of Darkness: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Sources, Criticism. Ed. Kimbrough, Robert. 3rd ed. Norton Critical Edition, New York: Norton, 1988. McLauchlan, Juliet. â€Å"The Value and Significance of Heart of Darkness.† Conradia 15 (1983): 3-21. Rpt. in Heart of Darkness: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Sources, Criticism. Ed. Kimbrough, Robert. 3rd ed. Norton Critical Edition, New York: Norton, 1988. Stewart, Garrett. â€Å"Lying as Dying in Heart of Darkness.† PMLA 95 (1980): 319-31. Rpt. in Heart of Darkness: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Sources, Criticism. Ed. Kimbrough, Robert. 3rd ed. Norton Critical Edition, New York: Norton, 1988.

All characters in the novel Essay

All characters in the novel ‘Of Mice and Men’ are either lonely, bored or in need of escaping from the soulless existence of the itinerant labour. It is based on a society of men leading empty lives, trapped in a lonely life, consisting mainly of hard physical work. There was not enough happiness, love and affection in their lives. The novel is set in California, the Southern states of America, in the 1930’s around the time of the ‘Great Depression’. The ranch is based in ‘Soledad’; which is the Spanish word for ‘Loneliness’. The bunkhouse that the men sleep and live in is a long and rectangular building. The walls are white washed and the floor unpainted. In three of the four walls are small, square windows. In the fourth one was a solid door with a wooden latch. There are eight bunks, all with a nailed apple box over them with the opening forward. This made two small shelves for the personal belongings of each ranch hand occupying the certain bunk. On these shelves were little articles, soap, razors, talcum powder, Western magazines, medicines, little vials, combs and a few neckties. There was also a black cast iron stove, and a big square table in the centre of the room, with scattered playing cards across it, and surrounding the table were boxes for the men to sit on. The bunkhouse also had lice and roaches in it! Carlson and the other ranch hands all dream of owning their own land and living and working from this, resulting in wealth and happiness. This was known as the ‘American Dream’, this is shown as an opportunity to all people no matter how rich or poor they are. There is a lot of government propaganda, informing people that if they work hard and push their ambitions to the limit, they can make this dream reality. However they all knew, no matter how hard they worked or how successful they were, it was very unlikely of this dream ever becoming reality. Their way of escaping this disappointment was to collect their fifty bucks at the end of the month and of a weekend spend all of it on women and alcohol, usually at the nearest ‘cat-house’. During the week they play cards games or horseshoes. Crooks is very lonely, this is due to the fact that he is coloured and everyone knows him as a nigger! He is treated completely differently to all the others, an outsider. He is also crippled, after a horse kicked him and severely damaged his back. In the 1930’s it was very racist in America and the coloured people weren’t allowed to speak up or were too scared to defend themselves in fear of what the white people would do to them. This is the situation Crooks is in. However he is the only coloured person at the ranch, so he has to accept all racial comments on his own. He has his own separate room, which isn’t even a room it is a shed that leans off the side of the barn wall. He is isolated from everyone else, therefore unable to socialise. On one occasion Lennie entered the barn to see his pup. He saw Crooks’ light shining and stood in the doorway of Crooks’ room. Crooks saw him and said sharply ‘†you got no right to come in my room. This here’s my room. Nobody got any right in here, but me. † He then followed with â€Å"I ain’t wanted in the bunkhouse and you ain’t wanted in my room†, â€Å"they play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you all of you stink to me. † Crooks reads to amuse himself when he has nothing better to do. This keeps his mind off of the atmosphere and situation he is surrounded by in his everyday life. Curley’s wife is perhaps one of the loneliest characters, trapped in her strict and original woman’s/wife’s role. Her daily routine only ever consists of her doing housework, such as cooking Curley’s dinner, washing Curley’s clothes, making Curley’s bed, cleaning Curley’s house, etc. If Curley catches her talking to the ranch hands he is always very annoyed by it, she is to stay in the house. She is known as ‘Curley’s wife’, no one knows her name so they cannot call her by it. One time when she enters the bunkhouse and begins to talk to the ranch hands, Crooks suggests † Maybe you better go along to your own house now. We don’t want no trouble. † It is this idea that she is ‘trouble’ that makes Curley’s wife so upset and angry. † Well, I ain’t giving you no trouble. Think I don’t like to talk to somebody ever’ once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time? † Having a husband even makes her loneliness worse, because Curley is so strict about whom she socialises with and what she does. She calls him sarcastically a â€Å"Swell guy†, who † Spends all his time sayin’ what he’s gonna do to guy’s he don’t like, and he don’t like nobody. † Curley’s wife tries to escape her loneliness and sadness by dreaming of being an actress or a model. She had been offered the chance before â€Å"I tell you I could of went with shows† † An’ a guy tol’ me he could put me in pitchers†. Curley’s wife is also very good at flirting, this attracts male attention. Therefore just for a moment she is listened to and is the centre of attention, this moment matters so much to her because she is being paid attention to for once, that she makes a very bad habit of it. However the ranch hands have got used to her scheming ways and do not want to risk getting â€Å"canned† because of a â€Å"tart†. However Lennie and George are different to the other ranch hands, they may live a lonely existence, but they have each other. Other than the other ranch hands expressing their feelings about their hopes, dreams, lonely lives etc, George and Lennie are the only characters we really get to know. All other ranch hands haven’t got a family or anything to look forward to, but it is different with George and Lennie; they believe they have a future and as long as they have got each other, it doesn’t matter whether they have a family or not. These men love each other. They talk to each other and know that the other cares for them, because George looks after Lennie, and Lennie looks after George. However, George has a much greater job in looking after Lennie, than Lennie has in looking after George. Lennie is a bit of a dunce and is always forgetting things, but George has the brains. They both are physically well built, but Lennie does not realise his own strength sometimes, he is dangerously strong. Lennie is the physical side of the pair, whereas George is the mental. The fact that they have each other gives them more of a chance of success, than the other ranch hands. Lennie loves George to tell him what; one-day things will be like. Their dream is to one day buy a little house, with a ten acres, a â€Å"win’mill†, a kitchen, an orchard to grow â€Å"cherries, apples, peaches, ‘cots, nuts, and a few berries†, a section on the land to grow alfalfa that Lennie will use to feed the rabbits with, hutches and pens full with pigs, chickens, cows, goats, cats, pigeons, a dog and rabbits that Lennie could pet, a smoke house so they could kill the pigs and then smoke it, for smoked ham and bacon etc, and for them to literally â€Å"live off the fatta the lan'†. They would only work six or seven hours a day. Lennie likes to pet, smooth, soft, furry things, as a kind of comfort. Other than for George and animals, love and affection are withheld, not only from Lennie, but also for all the ranch hands. This is why they have their own individual comfort or way of escaping from the repetitive daily routine and loneliness. Candy is a dissimilar character from the other ranch hands. He is very lonely and sad. He has no hand, but a very old dog that he cares for very much. This dog is similar to Candy. They are both very old and when Carlson shoots the dog, because it smells, has no teeth, he cannot eat, is stiff with rheumatism, is nearly blind and Carlson thinks it will be better to put the dog out of his ageing misery. Candy wants people to treat him once he is canned like this. This is because he â€Å"won’t have no place to go, an’ he can’t get no more jobs†. The other ranch hands say that he can replace the dog with one of Lulu’s pups, but of course that wouldn’t be the same, never is anyone or anything the equivalent, everyone and everything is unique. Candy seems to think that when he is dead, people will say the same thing about him. When a new ranch hand comes and replaces him, he’ll be forgotten. For obvious reasons Candy is upset and hurt by this. It is as if the characteristics of his dog and the way the other men treat the dog, symbolises Candy. Candy wants to join George and Lennie in their ‘dream’. Candy has already got three hundred bucks and another fifty coming at the end of the month, when the men get paid. He explains that he â€Å"ain’t much good, but I could cook, tend the chickens, and hoe the garden some†. Then when George and Lennie get their fifty bucks each at the end of the month, they will have four hundred and fifty bucks, and although the woman wants six hundred bucks, George thinks she will accept their offer as a deposit and then George will get a job and start to collect the rest, while Candy and Lennie could work on the land as well as sell eggs etc, making more money. This is Candy’s route of escaping. Everything seems to be falling into place and their dream looks like it could become reality. This is everything a man wants and Candy is thrilled he is part of it. However much their dream looks real, it all ends when Curley’s wife tries her old tricks with Lennie. Curley’s wife enters the barn, as Lennie sits there mourning over his pup, he has just accidentally killed! George has already warned Lennie about Curley’s wife, says she is trouble, so Lennie refuses to talk to her, â€Å"George says I ain’t to have nothing to do with you- talk to you or nothing†. Curley’s wife says in a innocent voice, â€Å"All the guys got a horse-shoe tenement goin’ on†, so â€Å"Why can’t you talk to me? † She eventually persuades Lennie that it is safe to talk to her. They talk for ages and Lennie tells her how he â€Å"likes to pet nice things with my fingers, sof’ things†. She tells Lennie to â€Å"feel right here†, on her hair. Lennie was enjoying stroking her hair until she warned him not to â€Å"muss it up†. She then got angry because Lennie wasn’t listening to her. She went to pull away and Lennie clasped his fingers tightly in her hair and wouldn’t let go. She began to shout, â€Å"you let go†. Lennie began to get scared because he thought George would hear and go mad. He covered her mouth and nose to prevent her screaming, and continued to beg her to be quiet. She continued to struggle and he shook her. Suddenly â€Å"her body flopped like a fish†. She was dead! Lennie ran to the brush that George had told him to hide in when they first arrived in Soledad if he ever got into trouble. When Candy found Curley’s wife dead and told all the ranch hands, they all knew it was Lennie! Most of the men wanted to kill Lennie, but George got there first. George knew that Lennie would be scared if half a dozen men ran towards him shooting, but if George was to do it at the back of his head, just like Candy’s old dog it would be pain free. When George found him, Lennie asked for the story of their dream to be told to him and questioned George why he wasn’t mad at him, but obviously if this was George’s last moments with Lennie he didn’t want to be mad at him. As George told the story and paused every so often, Lennie would say â€Å"go on† or â€Å"Gonna do it soon† as if he knew what George was about to do and was encouraging George to get it over and done with. George finally shot Lennie. Lennie jarred forward and the settled peacefully as he lay on the sand. George just sat stiffly and silently n the bank, looking at his hand that had just pulled the trigger disgustedly. George knew it was for the best, where ever they were to go Lennie’s unrecognised strength would lead to trouble; it had already, both in Weed and Soledad. Lennie was trapped by his strength. Although, Lennie has now been released from pain by no longer being able to kill others and from not getting shot by half a dozen men cruelly, but peacefully by George. The upsetting thing is, that Lennie was so afraid of being alone and away from George, and now he was just that. It was all over!!! George is now free; he is no longer trapped by his want of freedom, of constantly looking after Lennie. I think the novel tries to give us the message that people try to lead their lives as successfully as possible, in order to result in the best possible outcome. However this is very hard to succeed. The ranch hands wanted the ‘American Dream’ to become reality, but is very unlikely and as shown does not happen. The novel gave a very positive view of the ‘American dream’, but this is erroneous and does not come true. The chances of finding true, lasting friendship and happiness are also very unlikely as it is always spoilt by misfortune, arguments, inconveniences and sometimes death, as in this case.

The Criminal Justice System - 1597 Words

The purpose of the criminal justice system is explained by three definitions: Control crime, Prevent crime, and provide and maintain justice. This sense of criminal justice has been the same since pre-civilized communities, where the elders of a tribe enforced the laws of the village. The criminal justice system has changed drastically from the times of kinship systems to today’s system of laws. As time has passed criminal justice has change in many ways, for example: the way they dress, arrest, and investigate. With all these changes through the centuries, there are a few qualities that has been consistent through the years and that is the desire to serve justice and provide safety to the people. During the colonial period was a time†¦show more content†¦The United States criminal justice system gets its model of justice based on our London roots. Henry Fielding founded the Bow Street Runners in 1749; this organization was the leading law enforcement organization of its time. Henry Fielding â€Å"Responded to the threat of violence on the streets and the highways leading into the metropolis by bringing together the first body of officers dedicated to catching and prosecuting offenders† (Emsley, 2006, p.17). â€Å"In 1829, British Prime Minister Robert Peel forms the first modern police force, the London Metropolitan Police Force† (Criminal Justice, 2011). The one thousand-member forces, known as Bobbies, organized itself around Peel’s principles of policing. Still to this day, every organization uses the same principles of Sir Robert Peel. Law Enforcement uses these principles as their core morals and values of policing and serves as a basic cod e of ethics: â€Å"Principle 1: The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder. Principle 2: The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions. Principle 3: Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. Principle 4: The degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force. Principle 5: Police seek and preserve public favor